Countries 1 is the eleventh skill in the Welsh language tree. It has a total of four lessons, and it teaches the words for various countries and continents.
Grammar Notes[]
Country Names[]
Many countries in Welsh have yr/y in front of them. This "the" has no meaning and is part of the country's name:
- Y Ffindir = Finland (never just Ffindir)
Yn and Nasal Mutation[]
When yn is being used as a preposition meaning "in", it is never abbreviated to 'n. Also, when it means "in" (and only then), yn is followed by nouns that show "nasal mutation" (in other words, changes to "n" or "m"). The letters affected and the letters they change to are:
- p -> mh
- t -> nh
- c -> ngh
- b -> m
- d -> n
- g -> ng
Yn itself will also change to reflect this, becoming ym or yng (or staying yn) depending on which change occurred with the the following letters:
- Caerdydd (Cardiff) -> yng Nghaerdydd (in Cardiff)
- Bangor -> ym Mangor (in Bangor)
- Tywyn -> yn Nhywyn (in Tywyn)
Lessons[]
Lesson 1[]
- Y Ffindir = Finland
- Gwlad Groeg = Greece
- Yr Aifft = Egypt
- ar bwys = next to, near
- Yr Eidal = Italy
- Yr Almaen = Germany
Lesson 2[]
- tŷ = house
- Ffrainc = France
- Iwerddon = Ireland
- Llydaw = Brittany
- Cymru = Wales
- Yr Alban = Scotland
- Lloegr = England
Lesson 3[]
- Tsieina = China
- dod o = to come from
- Sbaen = Spain
- Norwy = Norway
- Yr Ariannin = Argentina
- America = America
Lesson 4[]
- Yr Arctig = (the) Arctic
- Yr Antarctig = Antarctica
- Awstralia = Australia
- Affrica = Africa
- Ewrop = Europe
- Yr Iseldiroedd = the Netherlands
References[]
Duolingo Lesson: www.duolingo.com/skill/cy/Countries1