Accusative is the fifth (assuming read left to right) skill in the language tree for Turkish. It has six lessons and teaches the second of the seven Turkish grammatical cases, the accusative (you learned the nominative in the first four).
Grammar Notes[]
Accusative Case[]
Turkish has a system of cases that regulate nouns, the first one being the nominative (this was taught in the first few lessons). This case governs subjects and general nouns (anything following bir, essentially). The second one learned is the new one in this skill, the accusative. This is used for direct objects - the object that is receiving an action (the apple being eaten, the wine being drunk, etc.). Note that cases only apply for things that have "the" in front of them in English (as the nominative covers ones that don't).
The accusative causes an ending to be added to the noun that depends on the last vowel in the word. The "y" is inserted as a buffer if the last letter is a vowel.
| Last Vowel | Accusative Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|
| -ö/ü | -(y)ü | süt -> sütü |
| -o/u | -(y)u | tuz -> tuzu |
| -e/i | -(y)i | kahve -> kahveyi |
| -a/ı | -(y)ı | çorba -> çorbayı |
There are also a few nouns which change a consonant at the end if it is put into another case (the "Lessons" section will list any in a given lesson). Essentially, though:
- k -> ğ
- p -> b
- t -> d
- ç -> c
4-Way Vowel Harmony[]
The way that the accusative is formed uses something called four-way vowel harmony. This will become important in later cases and lessons, so it is very important to get this down now. Duolingo notes refer to this kind of harmony with a capital I.
Lessons[]
Lesson 1[]
- peyniri = the cheese (accusative)
- şekeri = the sugar (accusative)
- eti = the meat (accusative)
- domatesi = the tomato (accusative)
- portakalı = the orange (accusative)
- çayı = the tea (accusative)
- yağı = the oil (accusative)
Lesson 2[]
- siz = you (plural/formal)
- siz yersiniz = you eat
- siz içersiniz = you drink
- tuzu = the salt (accusative)
- limonu = the lemon (accusative)
- suyu = the water (accusative)
- sütü = the milk (accusative)
Lesson 3[]
- kahveyi = the coffee (accusative)
- meyveyi = the fruit (accusative)
- makarnayı = the pasta (accusative)
- yumurtayı = the egg (accusative)
- pastayı = the cake (accusative)
- çorbayı = the soup (accusative)
- birayı = the beer (accusative)
- elmayı = the apple (accusative)
Lesson 4[]
- tavuğu = the chicken (accusative)
- balığı = the fish (accusative)
- çileği = the strawberry (accusative)
- şarabı = the wine (accusative)
- ekmeği = the bread (accusative)
- yemeği = the food (accusative)
- yoğurdu = the yogurt (accusative)
Lesson 5[]
- o okur = he/she reads
- kitap = book
- kitabı = the book (accusative)
- oku = read
- onlar okurlar = they read
- gazete = newspaper
- siz okursunuz = you read
Lesson 6[]
- ben okurum = I read
- biz okuruz = we read
- sen okursun = you read
- gazeteyi = the newspaper (accusative)
- menü = menu
- menüyü = the menu (accusative)
- bunu = this (accusative)
- onu = him/her
References[]
Duolingo Lesson: www.duolingo.com/skill/tr/Accusative
| Turkish | |
|---|---|
| Turkish Skills | Basics • Phrases • Adjectives 1 • Food • Accusative • Animals • Plurals • To Be • Possessive • Occupation • Dative Pronouns • Questions • Locative • Numbers • Clothes • Continuous 1 • Time • Ablative • Colors • Dative • What's the Time? • Postpositions • With • Conjunctions • Questions 2 • Family • Quantity&Pron. • Adverbs • Negation • Nations • Infinitive • Travel • People • Ordinal Numbers • Continuous 2 • Objects • Past • Adjectives 2 • Future • Education • Negation 2 • Suggestion • ki • Reflexive Pronouns • Abstract Objects • Gerunds • Aorist • Adjectives & Adverbs • Health • Negation 3 • Used To • While & When • Politics • Can • Must • Sports • Narrative • Nature • If • -(i)dIk • Art • Passive • When • Relative Pronouns • Science • Business • Turkey • |