Perfective 1 is the thirty-fourth (assuming read left to right) skill of the language tree for Russian. This skill teaches the perfective verbs, a different verb tense that doesn't exist in English. It has six lessons.
Grammar Notes[]
Introduction to Aspect[]
Russian has a special grammar point called 'aspect', for which there is no real English equivalent. Basically, a repeated action and an action that is completed once are two different verbs (well, mostly different). These two kinds of verbs are perfective and imperfective:
| Perfective | Imperfective |
|---|---|
|
|
Morphology of the Perfective Forms[]
All verbs change form when they go from imperfective to perfective, but the changes are usually small:
- Add a prefix like на- or по- to the verb.
- Add a suffix like -ать to -ывать.
- Sometimes the same verb is used but the stress changes.
- A few verbs change entirely (говорить -> сказать).
In general, it is nearly impossible to know the perfective/imperfective counterpart of a verb without using a dictionary, as nearly all of them have irregular changes in their verb spelling.
Lessons[]
Note: All of the verbs in this section are perfective. Their imperfective counterparts are also provided here, despite not being included in this skill.
Lesson 1[]
- купить (покупать) = to buy
- фотография = photo
- забыть (забывать) = to forget
- ключ = key
- узнать (знать, узнавать) = to find out, to recognize, to learn
Lesson 2[]
- прочитать (читать) = to read
- сделать (делать) = to do
- лечь спать (ложиться спать) = to go to bed
- встать (вставать) = to get up
- задание = task
- сегодня = today
Lesson 3[]
- привыкнуть (привыкать) = to get used to
- контрольная работа = test
- рассказ = (short) story
- написать (писать) = to write
- дочка = daughter
- утром = in the morning
- вечером = in the evening
- ночью = at night
Lesson 4[]
- получить (получать) = to get
- диск = disc
- вдруг = suddenly
- наконец = finally
- взять (брать) = to take
- потом = then, afterwards
- посмотреть (смотреть) = to watch
Lesson 5[]
- потерять (терять) = to lose
- выбрать (выбирать) = to choose
- опоздать (опаздывать) = to be late
- прийти (приходить) = to arrive
- сообщение = message
- продать (продавать) = to sell
- мочь (смочь) = may, can
Lesson 6[]
- помочь (помогать) = to help
- бросить (бросать) = to throw
- увидеть (видеть) = to see
- записать (записывать) = to write down
- опять = again
- обсудить (обсуждать) = to discuss
- встретить (встречать) = to meet
References[]
Duolingo Lesson: www.duolingo.com/skill/ru/People