Japanese Skill:The Train

The Train
Language	Japanese
Number of Skills	218
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The Train is the 99th skill (assuming read left to right) in the Japanese language course. It has 5 lessons.

Grammar Notes

Summarize, but do not quote, any grammar notes provided with this skill. Notes from Duolingo are copyrighted, and cannot be added here verbatim without permission. Make sure to reference any tips and notes from Duolingo or anywhere else.

To do [Verb2] on [Verb1]

I started to collect the fees. = I started the collection of fees.
I forgot to turn off the lights. = I forgot the action of turning off the lights.
(In French [commencer] à [faire])

The Japanese format is:

集(あつ)める・始(はじ)めた → 集(あつ)め始(はじ)めた
消(け)す・忘(わす)れた → 消(け)し忘(わす)れた
Note: Think of the dot (・) as meaning ‘を’—Verb2をVerb1.

料金(りょきん)を集(あつ)め始(はじ)めた。= I started to collect the fees.
...を消(け)し忘(わす)れた。= I forgot to turn off the ... .

Note: Astute students will point out, “to do a verb on another verb” and, “to do a verb with the intention of doing another verb” have the same structure (compare with Skill: Economics, Grammar Section). Alas, that is true, and you will decide the meaning based on the circumstance in question.

Adverbs from -い Adjectives

広い means wide. It describes a noun.
To Describe a verb with wide, 広い → 広く

道(みち)は広(ひろ)い。= The road is wide.

私(わたし)たちはアメリカの西部(せいぶ)を広(ひろ)く旅行(りょこう)した。= We traveled widely through the western United States.

-者(しゃ)

In general 者 means ‘person’. But this section deals with 者 as used in more specific cases for purposes of translation and also to better understand its use.

We are assuming -者(しゃ) as a suffix attached to words, not being standalone, in which case it's pronounced もの. As in 若者(わかもの), meaning ‘young person’.
-者 is placed after either a noun or a verb.
And when we say a verb, we mean just the Kanji part of the verb and not its する part, although just the Kanji part is technically considered a noun (like 通勤(つうきん) in 通勤する; 通勤(つうきん) means ‘the act of commuting’ and is a noun). Therefore either way, -者 is technically only placed after nouns. But we wish to say that -者 can also be placed after the Kanji parts of verbs, and let's consider these as verbs in this section.

More specifically, ‘(word)者’ means these (use whichever fits the most depending on one of the two categories, intentional/unintentional):

• [Case #1: person intentionally does an action]
• (verb)者 = person who presently is doing (verb)
• (verb)者 = person who does (verb) as a job or hobby, that is, who does (verb) in general
• (noun representing an action)者 = person who presently is doing the (action)
• (noun representing an action)者 = person who does the (action) as a job or hobby, that is, who does the (action) in general
• (noun representing a field of expertise)者 = practitioner of the (field) / adept of the (field)
• (noun representing a political or life philosophy)者 = adherent of the (philosophy)
• expert in
• [Case #2: person unintentionally is subjected to a condition]
• (noun)者 = person of (noun)
• (verb)者 = person who is afflicted by the condition of (verb)
• someone of that nature/someone doing that work
• health 1/2/3, authority, tech 1/2, The Train, ideas 1, feelings 3/4, work 3, games, favours, news, transit 3 complete
• home 3, obligt 2 in progress

Examples:

...

Lessons

Lesson 1

• 下さい (ku-da-sai) = please
• 閉まるドアにご注意下さい。(shi-ma-ru-do-a-ni-go-chū-i-ku-da-sai) = Please mind the closing doors.
• 化粧室 (ke-shō-shi-tsu) = restroom
• お足元 / 足元 (o-a-shi-mo-to / a-shi-mo-to) = footstep
• 足元に気をつけて。(a-shi-mo-to-ni-ki-wo-tsu-ke-te) = Mind your step.
• 足元に注意して下さい。(a-shi-mo-to-ni-chū-i-shi-te-ku-da-sai) = Please mind your step.
• ご乗車 / 乗車ありがとうございます。(go-jō-sha / jō-sha-a-ri-ga-tō-go-zai-ma-su) = Thank you very much for riding.
• 閉まる (shi-ma-ru) = to close
• 駆け込み乗車は危険です。(ka-ke-ko-mi-jou-sha-wa-ki-ken-de-su) = Rushing onto the train is dangerous.
• 駆け込み乗車はおやめ下さい。(ka-ke-ko-mi-jō-sha-wa-o-ya-me-ku-da-sai) = Please refrain from rushing onto the train.
• [乗車券, 閉まらない, 駆け込んだ]

Lesson 2

• 駅前の本屋は八時に閉まる。(e-ki-ma-e-no-hon-ya-wa-ha-chi-ji-ni-shi-ma-ru) = The bookstore in front of the station closes at eight o'clock.
• 付近 (fu-kin) = area
• この付近に駅はありますか？(ko-no-fu-kin-ni-e-ki-wa-a-ri-ma-su-ka) = In this area, is there a train station?
• 特急 (to-kkyū) = limited express (train)
• 快速 (kai-so-ku) = rapid-express
• 新宿で特急に乗り換えた。(shin-ju-ku-de-to-kkyū-ni-no-ri-ka-e-ta) = I transferred to a limited express train at Shinjuku.
• A は B に優先する (A -wa- B -ni-yū-sen-su-ru) = A takes priority over B
• 消防車は他の車両に優先する。(shō-bō-sha-wa-ho-ka-no-sha-ryō-ni-yū-sen-su-ru) = Fire engines take priority over other vehicles.
• お年寄りは他の人より優先されるべきです。(o-to-shi-yo-ri-wa-ho-ka-no-hi-to-yo-ri-yū-sen-sa-re-ru-be-ki-de-su) = The elderly should be prioritized over other people.
• 優先席 (yū-sen-se-ki) = priority seating
• 優先席付近では携帯電話の電源を切ってください。(yū-sen-se-ki-fu-kin-de-wa-kei-tai-den-wa-no-den-gen-wo-se-ki-tte-ku-da-sai) = Please switch off your cell phone around the priority seats.
• タクシー乗り場 (ta-ku-shī-no-ri-ba) = taxi stand

Lesson 3

• 片道 (ka-ta-mi-chi) = one-way
• 京都までの片道切符をください。(kyō-to-ma-de-no-ka-ta-mi-chi-ki-ppu-wo-ku-da-sai) = A one-way ticket to Kyoto please.
• ...を精算したい (...-wo-sei-san-shi-tai) = I want to settle ...
• 勘定を精算したいんですが。(kan-jō-wo-sei-san-shi-ta-in-de-su-ga) = I would like to settle my account.
• 車掌 (sha-shō) = bus / train conductor
• 車掌が料金を集め始めた。(sha-shō-ga-ryō-kin-wo-a-tsu-me-ha-ji-me-ta) = The conductor started to collect the fares.
• 路線図 (ro-sen-zu) = the route map
• 地下鉄の路線図が欲しいんですが。(chi-ka-te-tsu-no-ro-sen-zu-ga-ho-shi-in-de-su-ga) = I would like a subway route map.
• ...乗り越した (no-ri-ko-shi-ta) = I rode past ...
• 新宿を二駅乗り越した。(shin-ju-ku-wo-ni-e-ki-no-ri-ko-shi-ta) = I rode two stations past Shinjuku.
• 乗り越してしまった。(no-ri-ko-shi-te-shi-ma-tta) = I ended up missing my stop.
• [路線]

Lesson 4

• 往復 (ō-fu-ku) = round-trip (to-and-back itinerary)
• 広島までの往復切符を二枚ください。(hi-ro-shi-ma-ma-de-no-ō-fu-ku-ki-ppu-wo-ni-mai-ku-da-sa) = Two round trip tickets to Hiroshima please.
• 目的地 (mo-ku-te-ki-chi) = destination ("goal land")
• 通勤 (tsū-kin) = commute
• 通勤者 (tsū-kin-sha) = commuter
• 鉄道 (te-tsu-dō) = railway
• 直美は通勤に鉄道を利用している。(na-o-mi-wa-tsū-kin-ni-te-tsu-dō-wo-ri-you-shi-te-i-ru) = Naomi uses the train to get to work. ("Naomi uses the railway at commuting.")
• 運賃 (un-chin) = fare

Lesson 5

• 州 (shū) = state (territory / area)
• ニューヨーク州 (nyū-yō-ku-shū) = New York State
• フロリダ州 (fu-ro-ri-da-shū) = Florida State
• 頃 (ko-ro) = days / times / periods (sort of "era" but for periods of much shorter durations)
• 学生の頃 (ga-ku-sei-no-ko-ro) = My student days ("days of student")
• 学生の頃はスポーツをよくやったが、もうやめてしまった。(ga-ku-sei-no-ko-ro-wa-su-pō-tsu-wo-yo-ku-ya-tta-ga-mō-ya-me-te-shi-ma-tta) = I played sports a lot when I was a student, but now I've stopped.
• 今頃 (i-ma-go-ro) = by now ("the times of now / these days")
• 関西旅行をしたのは去年のちょうど今頃だった。(kan-sai-ryo-kō-wo-shi-ta-no-wa-kyo-nen-no-chō-do-i-ma-go-ro-da-tta) = We had our Kansai trip last year at exactly this time.
• 関西 (kan-sai) = Kansai
• 今頃はもう彼らは関西に着いているに間違いない。(i-ma-go-ro-wa-mō-ka-re-ra-wa-kan-sai-ni-tsu-i-te-i-ru-ni-ma-chi-gai-nai) = They must have already arrived in Kansai by now. ("There is no mistaking that they have already arrived in Kansai by now")
• 九州 (kyū-shū) = Kyushu
• 新幹線で九州へ行った。(shin-kan-sen-de-kyū-shū-e-i-tta) = I went to Kyushu by bullet train. ("I went towards ...")
• 北部 (ho-ku-bu) = the northern part
• 彼は関西から九州北部へ旅行した。(ka-re-wa-kan-sai-ka-ra-kyū-shū-ho-ku-bu-e-ryo-kō-shi-ta) = He traveled from Kansai to northern Kyushu. ("He traveled from Kansai towards northern Kyushu.")
• 西部 (sei-bu) = the western part
• アメリカの西部 (a-me-ri-ka-no-sei-bu) = the western part of America
• 私たちはアメリカの西部を広く旅行した。(wa-ta-shi-ta-chi-wa-a-me-ri-ka-no-sei-bu-wo-hi-ro-ku-ryo-kō-shi-ta) = We traveled widely through the western United States.
• 南部 (nam-bu) = the southern part
• フロリダ州南部に嵐が近づいている。(fu-ro-ri-da-shū-nan-bu-ni-a-ra-shi-ga-chi-ka-zu-i-te-i-ru) = A storm is approaching southern Florida. ("...is approaching at Florida State southern part.")
• [その頃]