Japanese Skill:Tech 2

Tech 2 is the 112th skill (assuming read left to right) in the Japanese language course. It has 5 lessons.

Grammar Notes[]

Summarize, but do not quote, any grammar notes provided with this skill. Notes from Duolingo are copyrighted, and cannot be added here verbatim without permission. Make sure to reference any tips and notes from Duolingo or anywhere else.

The Use of -べき[]

あなたは帰(かえ)る = You return

あなたは帰るべき = You must return (-べき is placed after the verb and means, ‘to must do the verb’.)

Because -べき grouped with the verb becomes a noun, the particle だ is placed after the sentence:

あなたは帰るべきだ。= You must return.

We said that -べき means ‘to must do the verb’, but more technically, -べき describes responsibilities and obligations with a more moralistic bent.

Because -べき can come across as harsh, it is most often used to describe one's own obligations. For talking about other people, “ほうがいい” is often used instead.^[1]

When you end -べきだ with -と思う this makes the obligation a subjective opinion and softens the harshness. “帰えるべきだと思うよ” is practically equivalent to “帰えたほうがいいよ”.^[2]

The Use of -ら (With もし-)[]

-ら means, ‘if’. And it is used with the verb in the past tense:

忘(わす)れた。= I forgot.

忘れたら、... 。= If I forget, ... .

-ら is often used with もし-, which then serves as a sort of “warning” for the upcoming conditional statement. In other words it just serves as further emphasis on the -たら:^[3]

もし忘れたら、... 。= If I forget, ... . (‘Lest I forget, ... .’?)

Lessons[]

Lesson 1[]

つい [verb] (tsui-[verb]) = I unintentionally / unconsciously / by mistake [verb]
ラジオが安かったので、つい見てしまいました。(ra-ji-o-ga-ya-su-ka-tta-no-de, tsui-mi-te-shi-mai-ma-shi-ta) = The radios were inexpensive, so I unintentionally ended up looking at them. (“Because radios were inexpensive, I unintentionally ... .”)
リモコン (ri-mo-kon) = remote control
プリンター (pu-rin-tā) = printer
ソフト (so-fu-to) = software
このパソコンにはソフトがたくさん入っている。(ko-no-pa-so-kon-ni-wa-so-fu-to-ga-ta-ku-san-hai-tte-i-ru) = This computer contains a lot of software.
ダウンロード (da-un-rō-do) = download
...をダウンロードした (da-un-rō-do-shi-ta) = I downloaded ...
ネットワーク (ne-tto-wā-ku) = network
このソフトをネットワークで使った。(ko-no-so-fu-to-wo-ne-tto-wā-ku-de-tsu-ka-tta) = I used this software on the network.
このプリンターはネットワークにつながっている。(ko-no-pu-rin-tā-wa-ne-tto-wā-ku-ni-tsu-na-ga-tte-i-ru) = This printer is connected to the network. ("connected at the network.")
接続 (se-tsu-zo-ku) = connection / attachment / union (せつぞく)
インターネットの接続が切れた。(in-tā-ne-tto-no-se-tsu-zo-ku-ga-ki-re-ta) = The internet connection got cut off.
パソコンとプリンターを接続しました。(pa-so-kon-to-pu-rin-tā-wo-se-tsu-zo-ku-shi-ma-shi-ta) = I connected the computer to the printer. (“I connected the printer with the computer.”)
... はどこ？(...-wa-do-ko) = Where is ... ?
友逹と話していてもついスマホを見てしまう。(to-mo-ta-chi-to-ha-na-shi-te-i-te-mo-tsui-su-ma-ho-wo-mi-te-shi-ma-u) = Even when I am talking with my friends, I wind up looking at my smartphone unintentionally.
ゲームについ夢中になりすぎて、宿題ができなかった。(gē-mu-ni-tsu-i-mu-chū-ni-na-ri-su-gi-te-shu-ku-dai-ga-de-ki-na-ka-tta) = I accidentally got too absorbed in the game and could not do my homework. (“At the game I unintentionally became too much at absorbed, I could not ... .”)

Lesson 2[]

うっかり [verb] (u-kka-ri) = I carelessly / thoughtlessly / inadvertently [verb]
うっかりエアコンを消し忘れた。(u-kka-ri-e-a-kon-wo-ke-shi-wa-su-re-ta) = I carelessly forgot to turn off the air conditioner. [Cf. Skill: The Train, Grammar Section^[4] for 消し忘れた, ‘to do Verb2 on Verb1’.]
うっかりファイルを削除してしまった。(u-kka-ri-fai-ru-wo-sa-ku-jo-shi-te-shi-ma-tta) = I carelessly ended up deleting the file.
すみません、うっかり忘れてしまったんです。(su-mi-ma-sen, u-kka-ri-wa-su-re-te-shi-ma-ttan-de-su) = Sorry I carelessly ended up forgetting.
アプリ (a-pu-ri) = app / application
アプリケーション (a-pu-ri-kē-shon) = application (software)
すべてのアプリケーションが閉じているか確認してください。(su-be-te-no-a-pu-ri-kē-shon-ga-to-ji-te-i-ru-ka-ka-ku-nin-shi-te-ku-da-sai) = Please make sure that all applications are closed. [I guess that “閉じているか確認して” is the same as “閉じているのを確認して”.]
終了 (shū-ryō) = end / close / termination (しゅうりょう)
終了した (shū-ryō-shi-ta) = it ended / it shut down
...を終了した (shū-ryō-shi-ta) = I ended it / I shut it down
アプリを終了してください。(a-pu-ri-wo-shū-ryō-shi-te-ku-da-sai) = Please shut down the app.
動画 (dō-ga) = video (esp. digital) / video clip / clip (どうが)
娘に動画編集ソフトを買ってあげた。(mu-su-me-ni-dō-ga-hen-shū-so-fu-to-wo-ka-tte-a-ge-ta) = I bought (as a favour) some video editing software for my daughter.
コンピューター (kom-pyū-tā) = computer
コンピューターがめちゃめちゃになった。(kom-pyū-tā-ga-me-cha-me-cha-ni-na-tta) = The computer went crazy.
彼女は動画をコンピューターにダウンロードした。(ka-no-jo-wa-dō-ga-wo-kom-pyū-tā-ni-da-un-rō-do-shi-ta) = She downloaded the video onto the computer. (“...downloaded to the computer.”)
私のコンピュータを直してもらえますか？(wa-ta-shi-no-kom-pyū-ta-wo-na-o-shi-te-mo-ra-e-ma-su-ka) = Would you please fix my computer? (“Do I get my computer fixed?”)
コンピュータープログラマー (kom-pyū-tā-pu-ro-gu-ra-mā) = (computer) programmer
特定 (to-ku-tei) = specific / special / particular (とくてい)
プログラマーは特定の仕事のためのソフトを開発する。(pu-ro-gu-ra-mā-wa-to-ku-tei-no-shi-go-to-no-ta-me-no-so-fu-to-wo-kai-ha-tsu-su-ru) = Programmers develop software for specific tasks. (“Programmers develop software for a particular job's sake.”) [I will assume 仕事のための = 仕事のために]
原因はまだ特定できていない。(gen-in-wa-ma-da-to-ku-tei-de-ki-te-i-nai) = The cause cannot be determined yet.
電話番号が誰のものかを特定しなきゃ。(den-wa-ban-gō-ga-da-re-no-mo-no-ka-wo-to-ku-tei-shi-na-kya) = I have to identify whose telephone number this is. (“Telephone number, regarding it, [somebody's belonging I have to determine].”)

Lesson 3[]

インターネットで検索した。(in-tā-ne-tto-de-ken-sa-ku-shi-ta) = I searched on the internet. (“I searched by the way of the internet.”)
検索エンジンでその言葉を検索してみた。(ken-sa-ku-en-jin-de-so-no-ko-to-ba-wo-ken-sa-ku-shi-te-mi-ta) = I tried searching for the word with a search engine.
...を開始した (...-wo-kai-shi-shi-ta) = I started ... .
彼らは責任を共有している。(ka-re-ra-wa-se-ki-nin-wo-kyō-yū-shi-te-i-ru) = They share responsibility. (“They are sharing the blame / responsibility.”) [Cf. Skill: Obligation 2^[5] for the Blame / Responsibility Paradigm.]
彼女は友人と部屋を共有している。(ka-no-jo-wa-yū-jin-to-he-ya-wo-kyō-yū-shi-te-i-ru) = She is sharing a room with her friend. (“She, regarding which, friends, with which, room, [she] is sharing.”)
このコンピューターは共有物だ。(ko-no-kom-pyū-tā-wa-kyō-yū-bu-tsu-da) = This computer is for communal use. (“This computer is a share-thing.”)
...は...に変換できる。(...-wa-...-ni-hen-kan-de-ki-ru) = ... is convertible into ... .
熱は電気に変換できる。(ne-tsu-wa-den-ki-ni-hen-kan-de-ki-ru) = Heat is convertible into electricity. [‘Heat energy...’]
形式 (kei-shi-ki) = form / format
彼女はファイル形式を変換した。(ka-no-jo-wa-fai-ru-kei-shi-ki-wo-hen-kan-shi-ta) = She converted the file format.
これは変な芸術形式だよ。(ko-re-wa-he-nna-gei-ju-tsu-kei-shi-ki-da-yo) = This is a strange art form.
機能 (hi-nou) = function / feature (“machine abilities”^[6])
この洗濯機は複雑な機能が多すぎる。(ko-no-sen-ta-ku-ki-wa-fu-ku-za-tsu-na-ki-nou-ga-ō-su-gi-ru) = This washing machine has too many complicated features.
[形式的]

Lesson 4[]

設備 (se-tsu-bi) = equipment / system / facilities
暖房設備 (dam-bō-se-tsu-bi) = heating equipment
この建物には暖房設備がない。(ko-no-ta-te-mo-no-ni-wa-dan-bō-se-tsu-bi-ga-nai) = There is no heating system in this building. [I presume that に in this sentence suggest a structure of “...にいます”, meaning, ‘(to exist) at ...’ / (to be integrated) into ... .]
各部屋にはインターネット接続の設備がある。(ka-ku-he-ya-ni-wa-in-tā-ne-tto-se-tsu-zo-ku-no-se-tsu-bi-ga-a-ru) = Each room has internet connectivity capabilities. (“...internet connection's facility exists.”)
こたつ (ko-ta-tsu) = heated table / Kotatsu [Low table with a blanket and a heating element underneath^[7].]
...をしまう (...-wo-shi-ma-u) = To finish ... .
こたつをしまいなさい。(ko-ta-tsu-wo-shi-mai-na-sai) = Put away the heated table. (“Finish the heated table.” / “Finish with the heated table.”)
冷房 (rei-bō) = air conditioning / cooling system [used exclusively when talking about the idea of cooling. For a version with cooling and heating, use エアコン^[8]]
この部屋には冷房が入っていない。(ko-no-he-ya-ni-wa-rei-bō-ga-haitte-i-nai) = This room does not have air conditioning.
...を読み込む (...-wo-yo-mi-ko-mu) = To load ... .
...を読み込んだ (...-wo-yo-mi-kon-da) = I loaded ... .
画像を読み込んだ。(ga-zō-wo-yo-mi-kon-da) = I loaded the images.
ファイルを読み込んでください (fai-ru-wo-yo-mi-kon-de-ku-da-sai) = Please load the files.
...から...に切り替えた (...-ka-ra-...-ni-ki-ri-ka-e-ta) = I switched/changed from ... to ... .
ガスから電気に切り替えた。(ga-su-ka-ra-den-ki-ni-ki-ri-ka-e-ta) = We switched from gas to electricity.
...を...から...に切り替えた (...-wo-...-ka-ra-...-ni-ki-ri-ka-e-ta) = I switched/changed ... from ... to ... .
...を...から...へ切り替えた (...-wo-...-ka-ra-...-he-ki-ri-ka-e-ta) = I switched/changed ... from ... to ... .
エアコンを冷房から暖房に切り替えた。(e-a-kon-wo-rei-bō-ka-ra-dam-bō-ni-ki-ri-ka-e-ta) = I switched the air conditioner from cooling to heating. (‘We switched the aircon from a thing that heats to a cooling system.’)
石油からガスへ暖房を切り替えた。(se-ki-yu-ka-ra-ga-su-e-dam-bō-wo-ki-ri-ka-e-ta) = We switched from oil heating to gas. (‘We switched [the phenomenon of] heating from oil to gas.’)
ウェブ (ue-bu) = web [internet]
ウェブでホテルの予約をした。(we-bu-de-ho-te-ru-no-yo-ya-ku-wo-shi-ta) = I made the hotel reservation on the web. (‘I did a hotel's reservation via the web.’)
ウェブサイト (ue-bu-sai-to) = website
[サイト]

Lesson 5[]

データ (dē-ta) = data
科学者たちはデータを調べた。(ka-ga-ku-sha-ta-chi-wa-dē-ta-wo-shi-ra-be-ta) = The scientists checked (=validated?) the data. (‘Scientists investigated / researched the data.’)
アクセス (a-ku-se-su) = access
そのホテルは駅からのアクセスがいい。(so-no-ho-te-ru-wa-e-ki-ka-ra-no-a-ku-se-su-ga-ī) = The hotel has easy access to the train station. (‘Regarding that hotel the access from the station is good.’)
パスワード (pa-su-wā-do) = password
もしパスワードを忘れたらここをクリックしてください。(mo-shi-pa-su-wā-do-wo-wa-su-re-ta-ra-ko-ko-wo-ku-ri-kku-shi-te-ku-da-sai) = Please click here if you have forgotten your password. (‘...please click this place.’)
ホームページ (hō-mu-pē-ji) = homepage
詳しくはホームページをご覧ください。　くわしく　for details,please visit our website.
...を入力された (...-wo-nyū-ryo-ku-sa-re-ta) = (speaking of computational data) ... was entered (‘... was input’)
そのデータはコンピューターに入力された。(so-no-dē-ta-wa-kom-pyū-tā-ni-nyū-ryo-ku-sa-re-ta) = That data was entered into the computer.
...を掲載した (...-wo-kei-sai-shi-ta) = I published ...
...に掲載した (...-ni-kei-sai-shi-ta) = I published at ...
ホームページに掲載した。(hō-mu-pē-ji-ni-kei-sai-shi-ta) = I published it on the homepage.
その会社は新聞に広告を掲載した。(so-no-kai-sha-wa-shim-bun-ni-kou-ko-ku-wo-kei-sai-shi-ta) = The company published an ad in the newspaper. (‘...published at the newspaper.’)

References[]

[1] ttps://forum.duolingo.com/comment/44832797?&comment_id=45141126

[2] ttps://forum.duolingo.com/comment/44832797?&comment_id=49202054

[3] ttps://forum.duolingo.com/comment/39978771?&comment_id=50658974

[4] Japanese Skill:The Train#To do [Verb2] on [Verb1]

[5] Japanese Skill:Obligat. 2#The Blame / Responsibility Paradigm

[6] ttps://forum.duolingo.com/comment/44605486?&comment_id=44605487

[7] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotatsu

[8] ttps://forum.duolingo.com/comment/38329353?&comment_id=42585570

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