Japanese Skill:Health 3

Health 3
Language	Japanese
Number of Skills	218
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Health 3 is the 91st skill (assuming read left to right) in the Japanese language course. It has 6 lessons.

Grammar Notes

Summarize, but do not quote, any grammar notes provided with this skill. Notes from Duolingo are copyrighted, and cannot be added here verbatim without permission. Make sure to reference any tips and notes from Duolingo or anywhere else.

Noun-ification of Verbs / (Verb)-するの or (Verb)-すること

Consider verbs that end in -る. For instance, 勉強(べんきょう)する or 食(た)べる.
These respectively mean, ‘to study’ and ‘to eat.’

We turn these verbs into nouns by adding の right after the verbs: 勉強するの and 食べるの.
Their meanings become, ‘the act of studying’ and ‘the act of eating’.

We can also put こと instead of の: 勉強すること and 食べること. The meanings remain ‘the act of studying / eating’, but as explained in Skill: Ideas 1, they have an added nuance, ‘the act of studying / eating in general’, or ‘things regarding the act of studying / eating’.

Noun-ification of Verbs, Use in Sentences

So 勉強する means ‘to study’.
And 勉強するの means ‘an act of studying’.
But the word 勉強 means ‘a study’ (=‘an act of studying’).

Therefore 勉強するの and 勉強 mean the same thing, and therefore should be interchangeable.

And in fact, they are! In many cases. For example, there is no difference between:

勉強は楽しいです。

勉強するのは楽しいです。

However, there are two cases where 勉強するの and 勉強 are not interchangeable:

朝(あさ)、早(はや)く勉強(べんきょう)するのは楽(たの)しいです。= In the morning, the act of studying in an early way is fun.

In the above sentence, you should use 勉強するの and not just 勉強 because 早く is an adverb. It has to modify the meaning of a verb. It needs a verb.
By contrast, 勉強 is just a noun and 早く comes in fact from 早い, an adjective. With nouns, we have to use adjectives, therefore with 勉強 it would be 早い勉強 = ‘an early study’.
Finally, 勉強するの has both the attribute of a noun for use with 楽しいです and also the attribute of a verb for use with 早く. A hybrid!

音楽(おんがく)を聞(き)きながら勉強(べんきょう)するのが好(す)きです。= I like studying while listening to music.

I am not able to explain for this example.

Additionally, there is an instance that is notable, covered in Skill: Work 4, Lesson 3:

会議室(かいぎしつ)の使用許可(しようきょか)を得(え)ていますか？= Conference room's use authorisation, the object, are you obtaining?

使用(しよう) means ‘use’, or ‘the act of using’. And 許可(きょか) means ‘authorisation’, or ‘the act of authorising’.
Both words are nouns, but one is used as an adjective to the other.
We do this oftentimes in English. In English we have adjectives alright. Like in, ‘a red pen’.
Othertimes some nouns have their own adjectives. Like, ‘a monument rock’ → ‘a monumental rock’.
But some times, we have to use the noun itself because there is no alternative! Like, ‘the stadium grass’.
There is no adjective for ‘stadium’. This construction is also used in Japanese, although 使用許可 in which is preferred, instead of the lengthier 使用(しよう)するの許可(きょか)するの.

Lessons

Lesson 1

• • 文明への不満。　unhappiness with civilization. 对文明的不满。
• 咳をしている (se-ki-wo-shi-te-i-ru) = I am coughing (“I am doing a cough.”)
• 今年の風邪は特に咳がひどい。(ko-to-shi-no-ka-ze-wa-to-ku-ni-se-ki-ga-hi-doi) = This year's cold comes with an especially terrible cough.
• 患者 (kan-ja) = hospital patient
• 医者の言葉は患者を安心させた。(i-sha-no-ko-to-ba-wa-kan-ja-wo-an-shin-sa-se-ta) = The doctor's words reassured the patient. ("The patient was re-assured by the doctor's words.")
• 効きます (ki-ki-ma-su) = I takes effect
• 効くはずだ (ki-ku-ha-zu-da) = it should take effect
• 薬が効いて熱が下がってきた。(tsu-ku-ri-ga-ki-i-te-ne-tsu-ga-sa-ga-tte-ki-ta) = The medicine is working and my fever has come down.
• 効かない (ki-ka-nai) = it does not take effect / it's not taking effect.
• 頭痛 (zu-tsū) = headache
• 頭痛がします。(zu-tsū-ga-shi-ma-su) = I have a headache.
• この薬が一番頭痛に効きます。(ko-no-ku-su-ri-ga-i-chi-ban-zu-tsū-ni-ki-ki-ma-su) = This medicine works the best for headaches.
• ひどい頭痛がする。(hi-doi-zu-tsū-ga-su-ru) = I have a terrible headache.

Lesson 2

• くしゃみをします (ku-sha-mi-wo-shi-ma-su) = I sneeze (‘I do a sneeze.’)
• 彼は大きなくしゃみをした。(ka-re-wa-ou-ki-na-ku-sha-mi-wo-shi-ma-su) = He sneezed loudly. (‘He did a big sneeze.’)
• くしゃみをする時は口を覆いなさい。(ku-sha-mi-wo-su-ru-to-ki-wa-ku-chi-wo-ou-i-na-sai) = Cover your mouth when you sneeze. ("Cover your mouth at sneezing time.")
• 患者は咳をしたりくしゃみをしたりしていた。(kan-ja-wa-se-ki-wo-shi-ta-ri-ku-sha-mi-wo-shi-ta-ri-shi-te-i-ta) = The patient was coughing and sneezing.
• 傷 (ki-zu) = injury
• 痛む (i-ta-mu) = to have pain
• 歩くと痛みます。(a-ru-ku-to-i-ta-mi-ma-su) = I hurts when I walk. ("With walking, I have pain.")
• 睡眠薬 (sui-min-ya-ku) = sleeping pills
• 睡眠薬がないと眠れない。(sui-min-ya-ku-ga-nai-to-ne-mu-re-nai) = I cannot sleep without sleeping pills.
• 睡眠 (sui-min) = the act of sleep
• 夕べは十分睡眠を取りました。(yū-be-wa-sui-min-wo-to-ri-ma-shi-ta) = I got enough sleep last night. (‘I took enough sleep ... .’)
• 体温 (tai-on) = body temperature ("body heat")
• 目を覚ました (me-wo-sa-ma-shi-ta) = I woke up
• 目を覚ましなさい。(me-wo-sa-ma-shi-na-sai) = Wake up.
• [覚まして]

Lesson 3

やけど 烫伤 烧伤 名词； を＋＊＊＊+する　他動詞　　ほど程度　要烫伤的程度

お風呂のお湯はやけどするほど熱かったです.　The hot water of the bath was hot so as to burn itself

• 舌 (shi-ta) = tongue
• 舌を噛んだ。(shi-ta-wo-kan-da) = I bit my tongue.
• がん (gan) = cancer
• 妊娠している (nin-shin-shi-te-i-ru) = I am pregnant
• 妊娠おめでとう！(nin-shin-o-me-de-tō) = Congratulations on your pregnancy!
• 熱いお茶で舌をやけどしてしまった。(a-tsui-och-cha-de-shi-ta-wo-ya-ke-do-shi-te-shi-ma-tta) = I ended up burning my tongue on the hot tea.
• お風呂のお湯はやけどするほど熱かったです。(o-fu-ro-no-o-yu-wa-ya-ke-do-su-ru-ho-do-a-tsu-ka-tta-de-su) = The water in the bathtub was scalding hot. ("The hot water was so hot that it burns.")
• [やけど]

Lesson 4

• 肺 (hai) = lung
• 肌 (ha-da) = skin
• 彼は肌が弱い。(ka-re-wa-ha-da-ga-yo-wai) = He has sensitive skin.
• 私は彼とは肌が合わない。(wa-ta-shi-wa-ka-re-to-wa-ha-da-ga-a-wa-nai) = I do not get along with him. ("My skin does not match his." 😲✌🏻🤞🏾)
• 手首 (te-ku-bi) = wrist
• 転んで手首を痛めた。(ko-ron-de-te-ku-bi-wo-i-ta-me-ta) = I fell and hurt my wrist.
• 手術 (shu-ju-tsu) = surgery ("hand art" 🤯)
• 手術中 (shu-ju-tsu-chū) = in the midst of a surgery
• 肘を痛めた (hi-ji-wo-i-ta-me-ta) = I injured my elbow
• [手術後]

Lesson 5

• 車椅子 (ku-ru-ma-i-su) = wheelchair (‘car chair’)
• 回復 / ご回復 (kai-fu-ku / go-kai-fu-ku) = recovery
• 回復した (kai-fu-ku-shi-ta) = I recovered (‘I did recovery.’)
• 彼女は回復が早いでしょう。(ka-no-jo-wa-kai-fu-ku-ga-ha-yai-de-shō) = She will recover soon. ("Her recovery will probably be early.")
• ...に使われる (...-ni-tsu-ka-wa-re-ru) = it is used by ...
• ...に使われた (...-ni-tsu-ka-wa-re-ta) = it was used by ...
• 食べすぎて腹が痛い。(ta-be-su-gi-te-ha-ra-ga-i-tai) = I ate too much and my stomach hurts.
• 教授は車椅子を使いますが、人の心が読めます。(kyō-ju-wa-ku-ru-ma-i-su-wo-tsu-kai-ma-su-ga-hi-to-no-ko-ko-ro-ga-yo-me-ma-su) = The professor uses a wheelchair, but he can read people's minds.
• 肉の代わりに豆腐がよく使われる。(ni-ku-no-ka-wa-ri-ni-tō-fu-ga-yo-ku-tsu-ka-wa-re-ru) = Tofu is often used instead of meat.

Lesson 6

• ストレス (su-to-re-su) = stress
• ストレスがたまっています。(su-to-re-su-ga-ta-ma-tte-i-ma-su) = Stress is piling up.
• みんなストレスを受けている。(mi-nna-su-to-re-su-wo-u-ke-te-i-ru) = Everyone is under stress. ("Everyone is receiving stress.")
• お尻 / 尻 (o-shi-ri / shi-ri) = butt / bottom (the use of お is preferred in private parts, otherwise it becomes a slur)
• 健太は僕の方へ尻を向けて座りました。(ken-ta-wa-bo-ku-no-hō-e-shi-ri-wo-mu-ke-te-su-wa-ri-ma-shi-ta) = Kenta sat with his butt facing towards me. ("Kenta, his butt faced my direction and he sat.")
• 消化 (shō-ka) = digestion / the act of digesting
• その食べ物は消化しにくい。(so-no-ta-be-mo-no-wa-shō-ka-shi-ni-kui) = That food is hard to digest.
• 味噌汁は消化しやすい。(mi-so-shi-ru-wa-shō-ka-shi-ya-sui) = Miso soup is easy to digest.
• 食中毒 (sho-ku-chū-do-ku) = food poisoning
• 食中毒で学校を一週間休んだ。(sho-ku-chū-do-ku-de-ga-kkō-wo-i-sshū-kan-ya-sun-da) = I was absent from school for one week because of food poisoning.
• 中毒 (chū-do-ku) = addict ("poisoned"?)
• 彼はテレビ中毒です。(ka-re-wa-te-re-bi-chū-do-ku-de-su) = He is a television addict.
• 中止すること (chū-shi-su-ru-ko-to) = the act of cancelling
• Note: 中止すること and 中止するの mean both the same—‘the act of cancelling’. The only difference is the slight issue of nuance, as explained in Skill: Ideas 1.