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Food 3 is the 30th skill (assuming read left to right) in the Japanese language course. It has 4 lessons.

Grammar Notes[]

Summarize, but do not quote, any grammar notes provided with this skill. Notes from Duolingo are copyrighted, and cannot be added here verbatim without permission. Make sure to reference any tips and notes from Duolingo or anywhere else.

Lessons[]

Lesson 1[]

  • 本 (hon) = counter for long objects (ほん)
  • 二本 (ni-hon) = two (long objects, e.g. chopsticks/books) (にほん)
  • お腹 (o-naka) = stomach; belly; abdomen (n) (pol) (P) (おなか)
  • お皿 (o-sara) = plate; dish (n) (おさら)
  • (hashi) = chopsticks (n) (P) (はし)
  • (o-hashi) = chopsticks (n) (polite) (P) (おはし)
  • コップ (ko-ppu) = a glass/cup
  • お腹が空く (o-naka-ga-su-ku) = to become hungry; to get an empty stomach (exp, v5k) (おなかがすく)
  • お腹が空きました (o-naka-ga-su-ki-ma-shi-ta) = I am hungry (literally: 'My stomach emptied') (おなかがすきました)
  • お腹が空きません (o-naka-ga-su-ki-ma-sen) = I am not hungry (おなかがすきません)
  • お腹が空きましたか (o-naka-ga-su-ki-ma-shi-ta-ka) = are you hungry? (literally: 'Has your stomach been emptied?') (おなかがすきましたか)
  • 食べ過ぎる (ta-be-su-gi-ru) = to overeat (v1, vt) (P) (たべすぎる)
  • 食べ過ぎた (ta-be-su-gi-ta) = ate too much (たべすぎた)
  • Previously learned:
    • ある (a-ru) = (1) to be (of inanimate objects); to exist; to live (v5r-i, vi) (uk)
    • 食べる (ta-be-ru) = to eat (たべる)
    • 使う (tsuka-u) = (1) to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; (...) (v5u, vt) (つかう)
    • 使いません (tsuka-i-ma-sen) = do/does not use (つかいません)
    • 洗う (ara-u) = (1) to wash; to cleanse; to rinse (v5u, vt) (あらう)
    • 洗いましょう (ara-i-ma-sho-u) = let's wash (あらいましょう)
    • いる (i-ru) = (3) to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing (v1, aux-v) (uk) (P)
    • ~ている = Ongoing action or current state: [5]
      • (verb in -(te) form) + いる/います:
        • お腹が空く (o-naka-ga-su-ku) = to become hungry; to get an empty stomach (exp, v5k) (おなかがすく)
        • お腹が空いています (o-naka-ga-su-i-te-i-ma-su) = becoming hungry; getting hungy
    • 彼 (kare) = (1) he; him (pn) (n)
    • (mai) = counter for thin, flat things (plates, petals, leaves, etc.) (ctr) (まい)
    • 二枚 (ni-mai) = two plates; two sheets (pieces) (of paper); (...) (n) (P) (にまい)
    • 一つ (hito-tsu) = (1) one (num) (ひとつ)
    • 三つ (mi-ttsu) = (1) three (num) (みっつ)

Lesson 2[]

  • ボウル (bou-ru) = bowl
  • スプーン (su-puun) = spoon
  • フォーク (foo-ku) = fork
  • ナイフ (nai-fu) = knife
  • 寿司 (su-shi) = (food) sushi; anything made with vinegared rice (...) (ateji) (n) (すし)
  • 寿司 (o-su-shi) = (food) sushi; anything made with vinegared rice (...) (polite) (ateji) (n) (おすし)
  • Previously learned:
    • 食べる (ta-be-ru) = (1) to eat (v1, vt) (たべる)
    • ある (a-ru) = (1) to be (of inanimate objects); to exist; to live (v5r-i, vi) (uk)
    • 使う (tsuka-u) = (1) to use (a tool, method, etc.); to make use of; (...) (v5u, vt) (つかう)
    • いかが (i-ka-ga) = (1) how; in what way; how about (adv) (uk)
    • 全然 (zen-zen) = (1) (not) at all; (not) in the slightest (adv) (ぜんぜん)
      • To express "not (adjective) at all" = 全然 + (negative form of the adjective):
        • 全然おいしくない (zen-zen-o-i-shi-ku-na-i) = not delicious at all
        • 全然くない (zen-zen-a-ma-ku-na-i) = not sweet at all
        • 全然好きじゃない (zen-zen-su-ki-ja-na-i) = don't like (it) at all
    • どうぞ (do-u-zo) = (2) please (help yourself to); (feel) free (to); (...) (adv)
    • 甘い (ama-i) = (1) sweet; sweet-tasting; sugary; sugared (adj-i) (あまい)
    • おいしい (o-i-shi-i) = (1) delicious; tasty; sweet (adj-i) (uk)
    • 好き (su-ki) = (1) liking; being fond of; to one's liking; (...) (adj-na, n) (すき)
    • 安い (yasu-i) = (1) cheap; inexpensive (adj-i) (やすい)
    • 欲しい (ho-shi-i) = (1) wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for (adj-i) (ほしい)
    • (ao) = (1) blue; azure (n, adj-no) (あお)
    • お皿 (o-sara) = plate; dish (n) (おさら)
    • お箸 (o-hashi) = chopsticks (n) (P) (おはし)
    • 果物 (kuda-mono) = fruit (n) (くだもの)
    • 弁当 (ben-tou) = bento; Japanese lunch box (n) (P) (べん)
    • 弁当 (o-ben-tou) = bento; Japanese lunch box (polite) (n) (P) (おべんとう)
    • (shio) = (1) salt (e.g. sodium chloride, calcium sulfate, etc.) (n) (chem) (しお)
    • 本 (hon) = counter for long objects (ほん)
    • 一本 (i-ppon) = (1) one (long cylindrical object) (いっぽん)
    • 一つ (hito-tsu) = (1) one (num) (ひとつ)
    • 一つ (o-hito-tsu) = (1) one (num) (polite) (おひとつ)
    • 二つ (futa-tsu) = two (num) (P) (ふたつ)
    • 四つ (yo-ttsu) = (1) four (num) (よっつ)

Lesson 3[]

  • ビール (bii-ru) = beer (n) (P)
  • グラス (gu-ra-su) = (wine) glass/es; (cylindrical) glass/es [1] [2]
  • 茶碗 (cha-wan) = rice bowl; tea cup; teacup (n) (P) (ちゃわん)
  • 半分 (han-bun) = half (adv, n) (P) (はんぶん)
  • 茶碗半分 (cha-wan-han-bun) = half a rice bowl (ちゃわんはんぶん)
  • 好物 (kou-butsu) = favourite food; favourite dish (food) (n) (P) (こうぶつ)
  • 本当 (hon-tou) = (1) truth; fact; reality; actuality (n, adj-no, adj-na) (ik) (ほんとう)
  • = Used to change the root form of nouns and na-adjectives into adverbs [3] [4]
    • 本当 (hon-tou) = (1) truth; fact; reality; actuality (n, adj-no, adj-na) (ik) (ほんとう)
      • 本当ですか?(hon-tou-de-su-ka) = is it true? (ほんとうですか)
    • 本当 (hon-tou-ni) = really; truly (adv) (ほんとうに)
      • 本当にすみません (hon-tou-ni-su-mi-ma-se-n) = I'm truly sorry... (ほんとうにすみません)
  • Previously learned:
    • 飲む (no-mu) = (1) to drink; to gulp; to swallow; to take (medicine) (v5m, vt) (のむ)
    • お腹が空く (o-naka-ga-su-ku) = to become hungry; to get an empty stomach (exp, v5k) (おなかがすく)
    • 寿司 (su-shi) = (food) sushi; anything made with vinegared rice (...) (ateji) (n) (すし)
    • カレー (ka-ree) = (1) (food) curry (esp. Japanese curry) (n) (uk)
    • ご飯 (go-han) = (1) cooked rice; (2) meal (n) (P) (ごはん)
    • すみません (su-mi-ma-se-n) = (1) I'm sorry; excuse me; pardon me; (...) (exp, int) (pol) (uk)
    • 二つ (futa-tsu) = two (num) (P) (ふたつ)
    • 四つ (yo-ttsu) = (1) four (num) (よっつ)

Lesson 4[]

  • ぶどう (bu-do-u) = grape(s); grapevine (n) (uk) (P)
  • スープ (suu-pu) = (Western) soup (n) (food) (P)
  • レモン (re-mo-n) = lemon(s) (n) (uk) (P)
  • ワイン (wa-i-n) = wine
  • 赤ワイン (aka-wa-i-n) = red wine (n) (あかワイン)
  • 白ワイン (shiro-wa-i-n) = white wine (n) (しろワイン)
  • すっぱい (su-ppa-i) = sour; acid (adj-i) (P)
  • すっぱくない (su-ppa-ku-nai) = not sour
  • 塩っぱい (sho-ppa-i) = (1) salty (adj-i) (uk) (しょっぱい)
  • 塩っぱくない (sho-ppa-ku-nai) = not salty (しょっぱくない)
  • Previously learned:
    • 買う (ka-u) = (1) to buy; to purchase (v5u, vt) (かう)
    • 作る (tsuku-ru) = (1) to make; to produce; to manufacture; to build; to construct (v5r, vt) (つくる)
    • 甘い (ama-i) = (1) sweet; sweet-tasting; sugary; sugared (adj-i) (あまい)
    • (ko)= counter for almost every object with a clear boundary [1] (こ)
    • 三個 (san-ko) = three objects (さんこ)
    • から (ka-ra) = (1) from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since (prt)
    • 私たち (watashi-ta-chi) = we; us (pn) (わたしたち)
    • あまり (a-ma-ri) = (2) (not) very; (not) much (adv) (uk)
    • To express "not very (adjective)" = あまり + (negative form of the adjective):
      • あまりすっぱくない (a-ma-ri-su-ppa-ku-na-i) = not very sour
      • あまり塩っぱくない (a-ma-ri-sho-ppa-ku-na-i) = not very salty
      • あまりくない (a-ma-ri-a-ma-ku-na-i) = not very sweet

References[]

[5] https://jlptsensei.com/learn-japanese-grammar/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-te-iru-meaning/

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