Japanese Skill:Favors

Favors is the 53rd skill (assuming read left to right) in the Japanese language course. It has 7 lessons.

Grammar Notes[]

Summarize, but do not quote, any grammar notes provided with this skill. Notes from Duolingo are copyrighted, and cannot be added here verbatim without permission. Make sure to reference any tips and notes from Duolingo or anywhere else.

Lessons[]

Lesson 1[]

プレゼント (pu-re-ze-n-to) = a present
借りる (ka-ri-ru) = ₍₁₎ to borrow; to have a loan _{(v1, vt)} (かりる)
借りてもいいですか (ka-ri-te mo ī-de-su-ka) = May I borrow
珍しい (mezura-shi-i) = ₍₁₎ unusual; rare; curious _(adj-i) (めずらしい)
こんなに = like this; so; in this way _{(adv) (P)}
ために = ₍₁₎ for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; (+) _(conj)
送る (oku-ru) = ₍₁₎ to send (a thing); to dispatch; (+) _{(v5r, vt)} (おくる)
Previously learned:
- 妻 (tsuma) = ₍₁₎ wife (つま)

Lesson 2[]

お手伝い (o-tetsu-da-i) = ₍₂₎ help; assistance _{(n, vs, vt) (pol) (hon)} (おてつだい)
- お手伝いします = I will help you
教えてくれます = s/he teaches me/us
買ってくれた (ka-tte ku-re-ta) = s/he bought for
買ってやった (kai-tte ya-tta) = I bought for
手伝ってやろう (te-tsu-da-tte ya-rō) = I will help you

Lesson 3[]

探す (saga-su) = ₍₁₎ to look for; to search for _{(v5s, vt)} (さがす)
探し (saga-shi) = looking for (さがし)
お探し (o-saga-shi) = looking for _(polite) (おさがし)
髪を切る (kami-wo-ki-ru) = ₍₁₎ to get a haircut _{(exp, v5r)} (かみをきる)
無料 (mu-ryou) = free (of charge); gratuitous _{(adj-no, n) (P)} (むりょう)
無料です (mu-ryō de-su) = it is free
(something) + を + 無料でもらいました (mu-ryou-de-mo-ra-i-ma-shi-ta)= (I) got (something) for free (をむりょうでもらいました)
起こす (o-ko-su) = ₍₂₎ to wake; to wake up; to waken; to awaken _{(v5s, vt)} (おこす)
起こしてもらいます (o-ko-shi-te-mo-ra-i-ma-su) = to get waken up (as a favor) (おこしてもらいます)
一緒に来てくれないの (i-ssho-ni ki-te-ku-re-nai-no) = Won't you come with me
(action) + いいですか? = "May I/Is it ok if I (action)"?
(action) + もいいですか? = "May I/Is it ok if I (action)"? _(polite)
くれる (ku-re-ru) = ₍₂₎ to give _{(v1-s, vt) (uk)}
Previously learned:
- 借りる (ka-ri-ru) = ₍₁₎ to borrow; to have a loan _{(v1, vt)} (かりる)
- もらう (mo-ra-u) = ₍₁₎ to receive; to take; to accept _{(v5u, vt) (uk)}
- 雑誌 (za-sshi) = magazine; journal; periodical; _(P) (ざっし)
- 手紙 (te-gami) = letter; missive; note; mail _{(n) (P)} (てがみ)

Lesson 4[]

発音 (hatsu-on) = ₍₁₎ pronunciation _{(n, vs)} (はつおん)
発音する (hatsu-on-su-ru) = (to) pronounce _(suru-verb) (はつおんする)
歯医者 (ha-i-sha) = dentist (‘tooth doctor’) (はいしゃ)
配達 (hai-ta-tsu) = delivery
必要 (hitsu-you) = ₍₁₎ needed; necessary; essential; indispensable _(adj-na) (ひつよう)
行く必要はありません (i-ku hi-tsu-yō-wa-a-ri-ma-sen) = there is no need to go
サービス (sā-bi-su) = service
有料 (yū-ryō) = ₍₁₎ fee-charging; paid; not free _{(adj-no, n)} (ゆうりょう)
いただける (i-ta-da-ke-ru) = ₍₁₎ to be able to receive/take/accept _{(v1, vi) (hum) (uk)}
(request) + いただけませんか? (i-ta-da-ke-ma-se-n-ka) = would you mind (request) for me?
- 発音していただけませんか? = Would you mind pronouncing for me?
してもらいますか (shi-te-mo-rai-ma-su-ka) = could you do (it)
Previously learned:
- 届ける (todo-ke-ru) = ₍₁₎ to deliver; to forward; to send _{(v1, vt)} (とどける)
- 届く (todo-ku) = ₍₂₎ to arrive; to be delivered _{(v5k, vi)} (とどく)
- かかる (ka-ka-ru) = ₍₁₎ to take (a resource, e.g. time or money) _{(v5r, vi) (uk)}
- 散歩する (san-po-su-ru) = (to) walk; (to take a) walk; (to) stroll _(suru-verb) (さんぽする)
- 洗濯 (sen-taku) = ₍₁₎ laundry; washing _{(n, vs)} (せんたく)
- 言葉 (koto-ba) = ₍₂₎ word; phrase; expression; term _(n) (ことば)
- 難しい (muzuka-shi-i) = ₍₁₎ difficult; hard; troublesome; (...) _(adj-i) (むずかしい)
- 授業 (ju-gyou) = lesson; class work; teaching; instruction _{(n, vs, vi) (P)} (じゅぎょう)
- 荷物 (ni-motsu) = ₍₁₎ luggage; baggage; package _(n) (にもつ)
- 三日 (mi-kka) = ₍₂₎ three days _{(n) (P)} (みっか)
- きれい (ki-re-i) = ₍₁₎ pretty; lovely; beautiful; fair _{(adj-na) (uk)}

Lesson 5[]

すごく (su-go-ku) = very
すごい (su-go-i) = ₍₂₎ amazing; terrific; incredible; wonderful; (...) _{(adj-i) (uk)}
作文 (saku-bun) = ₍₁₎ writing (an essay, prose, etc.); composition _{(n, vs, vi)} (さくぶん)
悲しい (kana-shi-i) = ₍₁₎ sad; miserable; unhappy; sorrowful _(adj-i) (かなしい)
あんな (an-na) = like that (over there)
もいいです = It's ok even if ... ^[1]
- も = ₍₄₎ even if; even though; although; in spite of _(prt)
- いい = ₍₄₎ OK; all right; fine; no problem _{(adj-ix) (P)}
- です = (to) be; is ,
To express "You don't have to/need to (verb)/It's ok even if you don't (verb)": (-て(te) form of the plain negative verb) + (もいいです)
- 読む (yo-mu) = (Plain form) ₍₁₎ to read; ₍₂₎ to recite; to chant _{(v5m, vt)} (よむ)
- 読まない (yo-ma-na-i) = (Plain negative) don't read; won't read (よむない) ^[3]
- 読まなくて (yo-ma-na-ku-te) = (-て(te) form of the plain negative) (よまなくて) ^[2]
  - 読まなくてもいいです (yo-ma-na-ku-te-mo-i-i-de-su) = You don't have to read/It's ok even if you don't read
- 行く (i-ku) = (Plain form) ₍₁₎ to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); (...) _{(v5k-s, vi)} (いく)
- 行かない (i-ka-na-i) = (Plain negative) don't go; won't go (いかない) ^[4]
- 行かなくて (i-ka-na-ku-te) = (-て(te) form of the plain negative) (いかなくて) ^[2]
  - 行かなくてもいいです (i-ka-na-ku-te-mo-i-i-de-su) = You don't have to go/It's ok even if you don't go
Previously learned:
- 書く (ka-ku) = ₍₁₎ to write; to compose; to pen _{(v5k, vt)} (かく)
- 今週 (kon-shuu) = this week _{(n, adv) (P)} (こんしゅう)
- すごく (su-go-ku) = awfully; very; immensely _{(adv) (uk)}

Lesson 6[]

優しい (yasa-shi-i) = kind; gentle; affectionate; (+) _{(adj-i) (P)}
優しくする (yasa-shi-ku-su-ru) = to treat kindly; to be kind to _{(exp, vs-i)} (やさしくする)
...を...に配達して(...-wo-...-ni-hai-ta-tsu-shi-te) = deliver ... to ...
...を貸して (...-wo-ka-shi-te) = lend me ...
あの人は誰か知っていますか？ (a-no-hi-to-wa-da-re-ka-shi-tte-i-ma-su-ka) = Do you know who that person is
窓を開けていただきたいんですが (ma-do-o-a-ke-te i-ta-da-ki-ta-in-de-su-ga) = I would like you to open a window
来ていただきたいんですが (ki-te i-ta-da-ki-ta-in-de-su-ga) = I would like you to come
と思います (to-o-mo-i-ma-su) = I think that
行き方 (i-ki-kata) = ₍₁₎ way of going; route (n) (いきかた)
To request a favor: (verb (request) in -て(te) form) + くれる: ^[6]
- You can use different conjugations of くれる:
  - てくれる (te ku-re-ru) = regular request
    - (e.g.) てつだってくれる？= Will you help me?
  - てくれます (te ku-re-ma-su) = polite request
  - てくれた (te ku-re-ta)
  - てくれない (te ku-re-na-i)
  - てくれませんか (te ku-re-ma-se-n-ka) = won't you/could you
    - (e.g.) 写真を撮ってくれませんか？= won't you/could you please take a photo for me?
To soften a request/make it sound more polite:
- a) (request) + んだけど:
  - 欲しい (ho-shi-i) = ₍₁₎ wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for _(adj-i) (ほしい)
  - (something) + が + 欲しい = I want (something) (now!)
  - (something) + が + 欲しいんだけど = I would like (something) (...but it's ok if you don't have it)
    - コーヒーが欲しい = I want a coffe (now!) ^[8]
    - コーヒーが欲しいんだけど = I would like a coffe (...but it's ok if you don't have one)
- b) (reason) + んだけど -> request a favor (~てくれる): ^[5]
  - ちょっと暑いんだけど... = (Since/because) It's a little hot...
  - 窓を開けてくれない = Could you please open the window?
To request/ask somebody to do something: (verb (request) in -て(te) form) + もらう: ^[7]
- You can use different conjugations of もらう:
  - てもらう (te-mo-ra-u)
  - てもらわない (te-mo-ra-wa-na-i)
  - てもらいたい (te-mo-ra-i-ta-i) = to express want/desire
  - てもらいます (te-mo-ra-i-ma-su) = polite request
  - てもらいませんか (te-mo-ra-i-ma-se-n-ka) = Won't you/could you (do something for me)
    - (e.g.) 貸す (ka-su) = ₍₁₎ to lend; to loan _{(v5s, vt)} (かす)
      - 電話を貸す (den-wa wo ka-su) = to lend a phone (でんわをかす)
      - 電話を貸してもらえませんか？= Won't you/Could you lend me your phone?
Previously learned:
- 知る (shi-ru) = ₍₁₎ to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); (...) _{(v5r, vt)} (しる)
- 開ける (a-ke-ru) = ₍₁₎ to open (a door, etc.); to unlock; (...) _{(v1, vt)} (あける)
- 教える (oshi-e-ru) = ₍₁₎ to teach; to instruct _{(v1, vt)} (おしえる)
- 貸す (ka-su) = ₍₁₎ to lend; to loan _{(v5s, vt)} (かす)
- 思う (omo-u) = ₍₁₎ to think; to consider; to believe; to reckon _{(v5u, vt)} (おもう)
- まで (made) = ₍₁₎ until (a time); till; to; up to _{(prt) (uk)}
- ませんか (ma-se-n-ka) = ₍₂₎ won't you/could you _{(exp) (P)}
- (request) + ませんか? (ma-se-n-ka) = ₍₂₎ won't you (resquest)? /could you (request)? _{(exp) (P)}
- 暑い (atsu-i) = ₍₁₎ hot; warm; sultry; heated _(adj-i) (あつい)
- 欲しい (ho-shi-i) = ₍₁₎ wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for _(adj-i) (ほしい)
- 電話 (den-wa) = ₍₂₎ telephone (device); phone _{(n, adj-no) (abbr) (P)} (でんわ)
- ちょっと (cho-tto) = ₍₁₎ a little; a bit; slightly _(rK) _{(adv) (uk)}
- 窓 (mado) = window _{(n) (P)} (まど)
- 彼女 (kano-jo) = she; her _{(pn) (P)}
- ご主人 (go-shu-jin) = her husband; your husband _{(n) (hon) (P)}
- 学校 (ga-kkou) = school _{(n) (P)} (がっこう)
- 駅 (eki) = train station; railway station _(n) (えき)
- 病院 (byou-in) = hospital; clinic; doctor's office; (...) _{(n) (P)} (びょういん)
- 行き方 (i-ki-kata) = ₍₁₎ way (of going); route; _(n)
- コーヒー (koo-hii) = coffee (eng: coffee) _{(ateji) (n, adj-no) (uk) (P)}
- ~ている (te i-ru) = Ongoing action or current state: ^[5]
  - (verb in -て(te) form) + いる/います:
    - 知る (shi-ru) = ₍₁₎ to know; to be aware (of); to be conscious (of); (...) _{(v5r, vt)} (しる)
    - 知っています (shi-tte-i-ma-su) = knowing; (in the process of) knowing (しっています)
- ~と思う (to omo-u) = To describe your own thoughts or someone else’s thoughts: ^[8]
  - (verb) + [と思(おも)う or と思(おも)います or と思(おも)わない or と思(おも)いません]
  - noun + だ(da) + (any of the above)
    - (e.g.) 彼(かれ)は優(やさ)しい人(ひと)です = He is a kind person
      - 彼(かれ)は優(やさ)しい人(ひと) + だ + と思(おも)います = I think he is a kind person
      - 彼(かれ)は優(やさ)しい人(ひと) + だ + と思(おも)いました = I thought he was a kind person
  - い (i) - adjective + (any of the above)
  - な (na) - adjective + だ(da) + (any of the above)

Lesson 7[]

君 (ki-mi) = you (きみ)
僕 (bo-ku) = me
それで (so-re-de) = so
だから (da-ka-ra) = that's why
君のおかげで (ki-mi-no-o-ka-ge-de) = because of you / thanks to you