| Plural | |
|---|---|
| Language | Czech |
| Skills | 91 |
| Skill No. | 13 |
| Previous skill | Questions 1 |
| Next skill | Food |
Plural is the 8th skill (assuming read left to right) of the Czech language tree. It has 7 lessons which teach the typical patterns of plural formation in the Czech language and some irregular forms.
Grammar Notes[]
Hard and non-hard Consonants[]
Soft consonants are: č, ď, ň, ř, š, ť, ž, c, and j. The others can be considered non-soft. With an -i or -í ending during plural formation, these non-soft consonants undergo a shift (for masculine animate):
- h -> z
- ch -> š
- k -> c
- r -> ř
In addition, hard consonants d, t, and n will sound like ď, ť, and ň when followed by an i (or í or ě).
Masculine animate nouns[]
Two typical patterns of plural formation involve adding an -i:
- muž -> muži (soft consonant)
- kluk -> kluci (non-soft consonant)
Masculine inanimate nouns[]
Two typical patterns of plural formation for masculine inanimate nouns are:
- stroj -> stroje (soft consonant)
- hrad -> hrady (non-soft consonant)
Feminine nouns[]
Three patterns of plural formation for feminine nouns are typical:
- žena -> ženy
- ulice -> ulice
- věc -> věci
Neuter nouns[]
Three patterns of plural formation for neuter nouns are typical:
- město -> města
- zvíře -> zvířata (also nouns -ě)
- náměstí -> náměstí
Plurals of the demonstrative adjective ten[]
- ti muži = the men, those men (masc. animate)
- ty stromy = the trees, those trees (masc. inanimate)
- ty dívky = the girls, those girls (feminine)
- ta zvířata = the animals, those animals (neuter)
Adjectives[]
Adjectives also transform in the same way to agree with the nouns they modify in terms of number and person but not gender. See the skill Food.
Lessons[]
Plurals of previously learned nouns (formed according to the patterns above) and similarly inflected plural adjectives are not shown.
Lesson 1[]
- lidé = person (irreg. plural for člověk = person)
- ty/ti = those/these
Lesson 2[]
- ted' = now
- domy = houses (irreg. plural for dům. Note vowel shortening ů to o)
Lesson 3[]
- ulice = streets
- vysocí/vysoké = masc. animate and inanimate plural tall (from singular vysoký)
Lesson 4[]
- dlouhé = long (masc. inanimate. From singular dlouhý)
- noci = nights (fem. from singular noc)
- vety = sentences (fem. from singular věta)
- dny = days (masc. irreg. from singular den)
- kratké = short (masc. inanimate. From singular kratký)
Lesson 5[]
- ta = these/those
- slova = words (neut. From singular slovo)
Lesson 6[]
- osoby = people (fem. From singular osoba)
- tady = here
- jména = names (neut. From singular jméno)
Lesson 7[]
- hoši = boys (masc. anim. From singular hoch, hard consonant)
References[]