| Masculine | |
|---|---|
| Language | Czech |
| Skills | 91 |
| Skill No. | 3 |
| Previous skill | Hello! |
| Next skill | Feminine |
Masculine is the 3rd skill of the Czech language tree. It will introduce you to the masculine grammatical gender.
Grammar Notes[]
Grammatical Gender[]
Czech nouns have grammatical genders which may or may not accord with the actual biological gender. There are four grammatical genders:
- Masculine animate: e.g. muž (man)
- Masculine inanimate: e.g. dům (house)
- Feminine: e.g. věc (thing)
- neuter: e.g. děvče (one of several words for girl)
For masculine nouns, there are some patterns but always exceptions.
- Nouns ending in a consonant are mostly masculine. kluk (boy), muž (man), stroj (machine), hrad (castle), dům (house).
- But many common nouns ending in a consonant are feminine, e.g., věc (thing), sůl (salt), kost (bone), postel (bed).
- Nouns ending in vowels are commonly feminine or neuter but there are exceptions which are masculine:
- _a nouns are commonly feminine but e.g. táta (dad), kolega (colleague), turista (tourist), and terorista (terrorist) are masculine.
- _e nouns are commonly feminine but e,g, soudce (judge) is masculine.
- _i nouns are commonly neuter but e.g. vrchní (waiter) is masculine.
Adjectives[]
Adjectives have to agree with the gender and number of the noun they modify. There are two types of adjectives in Czech, hard and soft. They differ in their endings:
- In the singular nominative form hard adjectives end with -ý when modifying masculine nouns e.g., mladý muž (young man) or velký strom (big tree).
- In the singular nominative form soft adjective end with -i regardless of gender e.g. další muž (another man), poslední dům (the last house).
Demonstratives[]
Czech doesn't have articles. Where the distinction is important, "a" or "the" is decided by context, word order or other methods. Czech does, however, have some demonstratives. These also agree with the noun. Hence ten is a demonstrative for masculine nouns e.g., ten muž (the man, that man)
Lessons[]
Lesson 1[]
- student = student
- džus = juice
- čaj = tea
- mladý = young
- Jsem student = I am a student.
- To je džus. = That is juice.
- Ano, je mladý. = Ano, he is young.
- Kde je ten čaj? = Where is the tea?
- To je dobrý čaj. = That is good tea.
- Ten čaj je dobrý. = The tea is good.
- Je táta student? = Is Dad a student?
- Džus, prosím. = Juice, please.
- Je ten džus dobrý? = Is the juice good?
- Ten kluk má džus. =The boy has juice.
- á é ě í ó ú Ú ů ý č Č ň ř Ř š Š ť ž Ž
Lesson 2[]
- chléb = bread
- dům = house
- kuchař = cook
- pomeranč = orange
- muž = man
- Jitka jí chléb. = Jitka is eating bread.
- On je kuchař. = He is a cook.
- Je to pomeranč? = Is it an orange?
- Jakub je velký kluk. = Jakub is a big boy.
- Ten muž je starý. = That man is old.
- Ten muž je mladý. = That man is young.
- Je ten dům velký? = Is that house big?
- Ten dům je starý? = That house is old.
- Mam jí velký pomeranč. = Mom is eating a big orange.
- To je velký pomeranč. = That is a big orange.
- Ten mladý muž je kuchař. = That young man is a cook.
- Ne, to je chléb. = No, that is bread.
- Ten kuchař je mladý. = That cook is young.
- Matěj je dobrý kuchař. = Matěj is a good cook.
- Je ten chléb dobrý? = Is that bread good?
- Ten pomeranč je dobrý. = That orange is good.
- Je ten chléb starý? = Is that bread old?
- Ten starý telefon je velký. = That old phone is big.
- á é ě í ó ú Ú ů ý č Č ň ř Ř š Š ť ž Ž
Lesson 3[]
- malý = small
- hotel = hotel
- sýr = cheese
- míč = ball
- telefon = phone
- Kde je hotel? = Where is the hotel?
- Ten míč je starý. = That ball is old.
- Ten míč je tady. = The ball is here.
- Kde je telefon? = Where is the phone?
- Je malý. = He is small.
- To je sýr? = That is cheese?
- František jí. = František is eating.
- Ten turista je mladý. = That tourist is young.
- Ten student je mladý. = The student is young.
- Ten kluk je mladý. = The boy is young.
- Jsem turista, nerozumím. = I am a tourist, I do not understand.
- Jsem František. = I am František .
- Promiňte, jsem tady nový. = Excuse me, I am new here.
- Jakub je mladý student. = Jakub is a young student.
- Ten starý turista má ten telefon. = That old tourist has the phone.
- Ano, František je doma. = Yes, František is at home.
- Ten starý hotel je dobrý. = That old hotel is good.
- Ten nový hotel je malý. = That new hotel is small.
- Ten hotel je velký. = The hotel is big.
- Malý pomeranč, prosím. = A small orange, please.
- To je nový telefon. = That is a new telephone.
- Starý sýr je dobrý. = Old cheese is good.
- Kde je nový míč? = Where is the new ball?
- á é ě í ó ú Ú ů ý č Č ň ř Ř š Š ť ž Ž
References[]