Food is the 9th skill (assuming read left to right) of the Czech language tree. It has 8 lessons which teach food terms. The accusative case is introduced in both singular and plural forms.
Grammar Notes[]
Czech nouns have 7 cases which form a declension. In the nominative case the nouns serve as subjects of sentences. In the accusative case the nouns function as objects. From case to case, the noun ending may change. This change follows set patterns depending on the gender on the noun and whether singular or plural. The patterns (or declensions) are each named after a "model" or "paradigm" word.
Masculine inanimate nouns[]
Hrad pattern: where nominative ends with hard consonant (d, h, ch, k, n, r, t)| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | hrad | hrady |
| Accusative | hrad | hrady |
Other examples in this pattern: chléb, sýr
Stroj pattern: where nominative ends with soft consonant (č, ř, š, ž, c, j, ď, ť, ň)
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | stroj | stroje |
| Accusative | stroj | stroje |
Masculine animate noun patterns are introduced in the next skill.
Feminine nouns[]
Žena pattern: nominative ends -a
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | žena | ženy |
| Accusative | ženu | ženy |
Růže (rose) pattern: nominative ends -e
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | růže | růže |
| Accusative | růži | růže |
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | píseň | píseň |
| Accusative | píseň | píseň |
Kost (bone) pattern: nominative ends with a hard consonant (č, ř, š, ž, c, j, ď, ť, ň)
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kost | kosti |
| Accusative | kost | kosti |
Other words in this declension: vec, sůl
Neuter nouns[]
Město pattern: nominative ends -o
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | město | města |
| Accusative | město | města |
Other words in this declension: jablko, maso, mléko, pivo
Kuře pattern: nominative ends -e/-ě
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | kuře | kuřata |
| Accusative | kuře | kuřata |
Some relevant verbs[]
In the present tense, the appropriate verb ending depends on the number (sing./plur.) and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), even if the subject is a pronoun which has been omitted. The verb ending is not affected by the gender.
| Já | Ty | On, Ona, Ono | My | Vy | Oni, Ony, Ona | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eat | jím | jíš | jí | jíme | jíte | jedí |
| Have | mám | máš | má | máme | máte | mají |
| Drink | piju, piji | piješ | pije | pijeme | pijete | pijou, pijí |
| Need | potřebuju, potřebuji | potřebuješ | potřebuje | potřebujeme | potřebujete | potřebujou, potřebují |
| Stand (tolerate) | snáším | snášíš | snáší | snášíme | snášíte | snášejí, snáší |
| Want | chci | chceš | chce | chceme | chcete | chtějí |
In the 1st person singular endings -ju/-ji and the 3rd person plural endings -jou/-jí, the former is more informal while the latter is formal. The 3rd person plural endings -ejí/-í are comparable in terms of formality.
Almost all verbs can form negatives with prefix ne-.
Snáším is typically used as a negated verb in the sense of "can't stand".
Lessons[]
Lesson 1[]
- ten sýr = the cheese
- jablko = apple
- Kde jíš? = where do you eat?
- maso = meat
- ten chléb = the bread
- Jím jablka = I eat apples
- Máš sýr? = Do you have cheese?
- To jablko mám já = I have the apple
- Já mám to jablko = I have the apple
- Maso máš? = Do you have meat?
Lesson 2[]
- to mléko = the milk
- voda = water
- piju/piješ/pijé = I drink/you drink/he,she it drinks
- Já mléko piju = I drink milk
- Co jí? = What does she eat?
- Matěj jí chléb a pije vodu = Matěj eats bread and drinks water
Lesson 3[]
- pivo = beer
- ta káva = the coffee
- vino = wine
Lesson 4[]
- polévka = soup
- hrušku = pear
- kávu = coffee (accusative)
Lesson 5[]
- Máme velký hlad = We are every hungry (Literally we have much hunger)
- vodu = water (accusative)
- Kdo má žízeň = Who is thirsty
Lesson 6[]
- ten cukr = the sugar
- ta sůl = the salt
- Žofie má ráda pivo = Zofie likes beer
- ta sůl = the salt
Lesson 7[]
- to kuře = the chicken
- vajíčko = egg
- Potřebujete maso = You need meat
- Děti mají rády cukr = Children like sugar
Lesson 8[]
- čaj = tea
- Co chcete = What do you want
- Žofie nesnáší vino = Zofie can't stand wine
- Chceme maso = We want meat
References[]