Czech Skill:Describe People

Describe People

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Language	Czech
Skills	91
Skill No.	7
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Describe People is the 6th skill of the Czech language tree. It will teach the usage of plural pronouns, and the form "We/They are x" and "We/They are not x" sentences. Some plural nouns are also introduced. Plural forms of basic adjectives are introduced.

Grammar Notes[]

Plural pronouns and the verb to be/negation[]

(My) jsme = We are
(Vy) jste = You are (plural/formal singular)
(Oni/Ony/Ona) jsou = They are
(My) nejsme = We are not
(Vy) nejste = You are not (plural/formal singular)
(Oni/Ony/Ona ) nejsou = They are not
"Ony" is for "they" and used when referring to a group of females or a group of neuter nouns. It is distinct from "oni" (masculine or mixed-gender groups) and "ona" (neuter singular or plural).

Informal vs formal forms of address[]

Ty is for informal while the vy form serves both for singular formal and plural forms of address. Compare French tu and vous.

Plural[]

There are many patterns for plurals in Czech but common or typical ones are introduced here:

Animate masculine singular nouns ending in a consonant are typically formed with -i at the end. Hence muž -> muži (men), kluk -> kluci (boys). Note change k to c.
Feminine singular nouns ending in -a form plurals by replacing the -a with -y. Hence žena -> ženy (women), holka -> holky (girls).
Neuter singular nouns ending in -e/ě form the plurals by replacing the -e/ě with -ata. Hence zvířata (animals).
But there are exceptions. Neuter dítě (child) becomes the feminine plural děti (children).

Adjectives[]

In the plural nominative form, soft adjectives end with -í for all genders. Hard adjectives agree with the gender as follows:

-í in animate masculine, e.g., mladí muži (young men)
-é in inanimate masculine, e.g., velké stromy (big trees)
-é in feminine, e.g., mladé ženy (young women)
-á in neuter, e.g., malá zvířata (small animals)
Where the ending requires a consonant change, this also affects the adjective. Thus velký kluk (big boy) becomes velcí kluci (big boys).

Lessons[]

Lesson 1[]

kluci = boys
muži = men
My = we
Jsme malí. = We are small.
Jsme velcí. = We are big.
Jsme velcí muži. = We are big men.
Jsme velcí kluci. = We are big boys.
Ne, nejsme malí. = No, we are not small.
Velcí muži a malí kluci. = Big men and small boys.
My jsme muži. = We are men.
My jsme velcí muži. = We are big men.
Jsme malí muži. = We are little men.
My jsme malí kluci. = We are little boys.
Jsme malí kluci. = We are little boys.
My jsme malí kluci a velcí muži. = We are small boys and big men.
Ano, my jsme kluci. = Yes, we are boys.
á é ě í ó ú Ú ů ý č Č ň ř Ř š Š ť ž Ž

Lesson 2[]

holky = girls
ženy = women
děti = children
My jsme ženy. = We are women.
Jste děti? = Are you children?
Nejste děti. = You are not children.
Jsme malé? = Are we small?
Vy jste malé. = You are small.
Jste malé holky? = Are you little girls?
Vy jste malí kluci a malé holky. = You are little boys and little girls.
Jste malé děti. = You are small children.
Vy jste velké děti. = You are big children.
Jsme velcí muži a velké ženy. = We are big man and big women.
Vy jste velké holky. = You are big girls.
Ano, jsme malé holky. = Yes, we are little girls.
á é ě í ó ú Ú ů ý č Č ň ř Ř š Š ť ž Ž

Lesson 3[]

Jsou stará? = Are they old?
Jsou ony staré? = Are they old?
Ony jsou staré? = Are they old?
Oni jsou staří. = Are they old?
Jsou oni staří? = Are they old?
Jsou staré. = They are old.
Ony jsou staré. = They are old.
Oni jsou staří. = They are old.
To jsou muži. = Those are men.
To jsou ženy. = Those are women.
Jsou staré ženy. = The are old women.
To jsou staří muži. = Those are old men.
To jsou stará zvířata? = Are those old animals?
To jsou zvířata. = Those are animals.
Jsou to stará zvířata. = They are old animals.
To nejsou stará zvířata. = Those are not old animals.
Ony nejsou malé holky. = They are not little girls.
á é ě í ó ú Ú ů ý č Č ň ř Ř š Š ť ž Ž

Lesson 4[]

To nejsou hrušky. = Those are not pears.
Kde jsou ti kluci? = Where are those boys?
Ty ženy nejsou tady? = Those women are not here?
Ty pomeranče jsou malé. = Those oranges are small.
Ty pomeranče jsou velké. = Those oranges are big.
Ty pomeranče nejsou velké. = Those oranges are not big.
Ta jablka jsou velká. = Those apples are big.
Ta jablka nejsou velká. = Those apples are not big.
Kde jsou ta velká jablka? = Where are those big apples?
Kde jsou ta malá jablka? = Where are those little apples?
Kde jsou ženy? = Where are the women?
Kde jsou ty staré ženy? = Where are those old women?
Ty staré ženy jsou tady. = Those old women are here.
Ti muži nejsou staří. = Those men are not old.
Ti kluci jsou velcí. = Those boys are big.
Ti staří muži jsou tady. = The old men are here.
Jsou ty hrušky velké? = Are those pears large?
Ty hrušky nejsou velké. = Those pears are not large.
Jsou to malé hrušky. = They are small pears.
á é ě í ó ú Ú ů ý č Č ň ř Ř š Š ť ž Ž

Lesson 5[]

My jsme mladé. = We are young.
Vejce jsou tady. = The eggs are here.
To nejsou vejce . = Those are not eggs.
To nejsou stromy. = Those are not trees.
Jsou to staré ženy. = They are old women.
To jsou malá zvířata. = Those are little animals.
To nejsou malá zvířata. = Those are not small animals.
Malá zvířata jsou tady. = The small animals are here.
Jsou ty pomeranče velké? = Are the oranges big?
Jsou ty restaurace malé? = Are those restaurants small?
Ty restaurace nejsou staré. = Those restaurants are not old.
Ti muži jsou vysocí. = The men are tall.
Ty holky jsou vysoké. = The girls are tall.
Ne, nejsou vysocí. = No, they are not tall.
Ty stromy nejsou vysoké. = The trees are not tall.
Jsou to vysoké stromy? = Are they tall trees?
Kde jsou ta vejce? = Where are those eggs?
Jsme mladí muži. = We are young men.
Jsou velké restaurace. = They are big restaurants.
Nejsou velká, ale jsou malá. = They are not big, but they are little.
á é ě í ó ú Ú ů ý č Č ň ř Ř š Š ť ž Ž