Animals is the10th skill (assuming read left to right) of the Czech language tree. It has 9 lessons which teach words on the animals theme. As with the previous skill, the words appear in both nominative and accusative cases and in both singular and plural forms. Demonstratives in both nominative and accusative cases and in both singular and plural forms are practiced.
Grammar Notes[]
The nominative-accusative declensions for masculine animate nouns are given below. For masculine inanimate, feminine and neuter nouns, refer to the notes in the previous skill.
Masculine animate nouns[]
Pán pattern: where nominative ends with hard consonant (d, h, ch, k, n, r, t)| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | pán | páni |
| Accusative | pána | pány |
| Nominative | kluk | kluci |
| Accusative | kluka | kluky |
The paradigm word is pán (gentleman) but kluk is added as it demonstrates a consonant change.
Other examples in this pattern: pes
Muz pattern: where nominative ends with soft consonant (č, ř, š, ž, c, j, ď, ť, ň)
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | muž | muži |
| Accusative | muže | muže |
Adjectives[]
Adjectives also have declensions. They change endings depending on:
- the case of noun they modify (e.g. nominative or accusative)
- gender of the noun
- number of the noun
- ending - hard (-ý) or soft (-í)
Hard adjective endings[]
Examples are nový, mladý, velký
Singular
| Masc. animate |
Masc. inanimate |
Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -ý | -ý | -á | -é |
| Accusative | -ého | -ý | -ou | -é |
Plural
| Masc. animate |
Masc. inanimate |
Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -í | -é | -é | -á |
| Accusative | -é | -é | -é | -á |
Soft adjective endings[]
Example is moderní
Singular
| Masc. animate |
Masc. inanimate |
Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -í | -í | -í | -í |
| Accusative | -ího | -í | -í | -í |
Plural
| Masc. animate |
Masc. inanimate |
Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -í | -í | -í | -í |
| Accusative | -í | -í | -í | -í |
Demonstrative adjective forms[]
Singular
| Masc. animate |
Masc. inanimate |
Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ten | ten | ta | to |
| Accusative | toho | ten | tu | to |
Plural
| Masc. animate |
Masc. inanimate |
Feminine | Neuter | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ti | ty | ty | ta |
| Accusative | ty | ty | ty | ta |
Some relevant verbs[]
In the present tense, the appropriate verb ending depends on the number (sing./plur.) and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd), even if the subject is a pronoun which has been omitted. The verb ending is not affected by the gender.
| Já | Ty | On, Ona, Ono | My | Vy | Oni, Ony, Ona | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Look for | hledám | hledáš | hledá | hledáme | hledáte | hledají |
| Chase | honím | honíš | honí | honíme | honíte | honí |
| See | vidím | vidíš | vidí | vidíme | vidíte | vidí |
| Eat | žeru | žereš | žere | žereme | žerete | žerou |
The verb žeru is typically only used to describe the act of eating by animals and is not used with humans.
Lessons[]
Lesson 1[]
- ten pes = the dog
- psa nevidím = I do not see a dog (accusative)
- Ti psi jsou velcí = Those dogs are big (plural nom.)
- Kde vidíte toho psa = Where do you see the dog
- či jsou ti psi = Whose are those dogs
- Vidíš ty psy = Do you see those dogs (plural acc.)
Lesson 2[]
- myš = mouse (fem. nom.)
- toho = that (acc.)
- kočku = cat (fem. acc.)
- kočka = cat (fem. nom.)
- kočky = cats (fem. plu. acc.)
- myši = mice (fem. plu. acc.)
Lesson 3[]
- ta ryba = the fish (fem. nom.)
- rybu = fish (fem. acc.)
- žere = eats (3rd person singular)
- žrádlo = food (neut. acc.)
- žerou = eat (3rd person plural)
Lesson 4[]
- osel = donkey (masc. anim. nom.)
- tu malou = that small one (adj. used as an object)
- malého = small, little (3rd person singular)
- kůň = horse (masc. anim. nom.)
- koně = horses (masc. anim. plur. acc.)
- osla = donkey (masc. anim. acc.)
- osly = donkeys (masc. anim. plur. acc.)
- osli = donkeys (masc. anim. plur. nom.)
Lesson 5[]
- kozy = goats (fem. plur. acc.)
- co hledáš = what are you looking for
- hledáte = to look for (3rd person singular)
- krávu = cow (fem. acc.)
- krávy = cows (fem. plur. acc.)
- prasata = pigs (neut. plur. acc.)
- prase = pig (neut. acc.)
- ovce = sheep (fem. nom.)
- ovci = sheep (fem. acc.)
Lesson 6[]
- medvěd = bear (masc. anim. nom.)
- ten vlk = the wolf (masc. anim. nom.)
- liška = fox (fem. nom.)
- lišky = foxes (fem. plur. acc. or nom.)
- vlky = wolves (masc. anim. plur. acc.)
- lišku = fox (fem. acc.)
- medvědy = bears (masc. anim. acc.)
Lesson 7[]
- kachna = duck (fem. nom.)
- kachny = duck (fem. plur. nom.)
- slepice = hen (fem. nom. also plur.)
- husa = goose (fem. nom.)
- husy = geese (fem. nom.)
- pták = bird (masc. anim. nom.)
- ptáky = birds (masc. anim. plur. nom.)
- kachnu = duck (fem. acc.)
- husu = goose (fem. acc.)
- ptáci = birds (masc. anim. plur. nom.)
Lesson 8[]
- pavouka = spider (masc. anim. acc.)
- moucha = fly (fem. nom.)
- honíš = you chase
Lesson 9[]
- practice in all forms of declension for adj. velký masc. anim., fem. and neut., nom. and acc. cases, sing. and plur.
References[]